Brunei, ruled by the all-powerful Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, has fully implemented tough new Islamic laws after years of delays (AFP Photo) |
Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) (AFP) - Transgender woman Zoella Zayce fled her native Brunei last year as the country shifted towards hardline Islam, and thinks more of the LGBT community will follow after the death penalty for gay sex was introduced.
The
absolute monarchy on tropical Borneo island, ruled by a sultan who has been on
the throne five decades, implemented tough new Islamic laws on Wednesday,
including death by stoning for sex between men, and adultery.
The new
sharia penal code has sparked a global outcry with governments around the world
condemning the measures, and celebrities -- led by actor George Clooney --
calling for Brunei-owned hotels to be boycotted.
The
country's tiny lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, who
already had to be discreet about their sexual identities in the highly conservative
Muslim country, have been left terrified.
"What
Brunei is adopting is a violation of basic human rights," a 33-year-old
gay man in the country, who spoke anonymously, told AFP.
"All
the condemnation and boycott calls internationally speak volumes -- Brunei
should just abandon these laws and continue to stick to moderate Islam."
Zayce fled
Brunei last year due to the increasingly conservative climate and is now
seeking asylum in Canada.
Plans to
implement sharia law were announced in 2013 and the first phase, with less
stringent punishments, came into effect the following year, before the entire
penal code was implemented this week.
Zayce said
that gay people in Brunei, who were leading "secretive lives" even
before death by stoning came into force, were now even more scared.
"Some
worry a lot and would like to escape the country before they are found out not
to be heterosexual," the 19-year-old said.
Khairul, a
gay man in Brunei who gave only one name, described the laws as
"daunting", adding: "When I'm ready, I'll be on my way to a
safer community."
Before the
sharia punishments came into effect, sex between men was already punishable by
up to 10 years in jail.
It is now a
capital offence, while lesbian sex is punishable by up to 40 strokes of the
cane and a decade in prison.
No govt
engagement, no NGOs
Observers
say it is hard to know the size of the LGBT community in the country of about
400,000 people.
That is
because there is nowhere members feel safe to gather openly -- such as gay
clubs or bars -- and there is not thought to be any accurate data available on
them.
"The
LGBT community tends to keep a low profile and LGBT (people) are generally much
less open than in some of Brunei's neighbours, such as Thailand," Matthew
Woolfe, founder of rights group The Brunei Project, told AFP.
"The
government does not engage with the LGBT community and no NGOs are working with
them."
Woolfe
organised Brunei's first ever LGBT event -- a 2016 gathering at a hotel in the
sultanate to mark the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and
Biphobia -- and was subsequently barred from visiting the country.
However
sharia law appears to enjoy substantial support in Brunei and some are doubtful
the harshest penalties -- such as death by stoning, and severing of limbs for
theft -- will be imposed.
Analysts
say the new code may be largely symbolic as Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah seeks to
burnish his Islamic credentials with conservatives, and note that although
Brunei has long had the death penalty, the last known execution was in 1957.
In
addition, the burden of proof for stoning to death to be imposed is high. An
accused person must either confess, or there must be four witnesses who can
testify the offence was committed.
Some
members of the LGBT community believe the changes may in reality make little
difference in a country where most gay people were already secretive about
their sexualities.
A 23-year-old
transgender woman in Brunei, who declined to be named, said the new laws had
caused concern but added: "I think just as long as we remain discreet, it
will be fine."
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