Jakarta Globe, Sudeshna Sarkar, September 1, 2013
Kolkata. Naomi Fontanos is seeing a change from when she went holidaying in 2002. Then she had run into ignorance about transgender people or worse at hotels, restaurants and other business establishments in Boracay, the popular tourist destination south of Manila.
Same-sex marriage is gaining steam in both Thailand and Vietnam. (Reuters Photo/Nguyen Huy Kham) |
Kolkata. Naomi Fontanos is seeing a change from when she went holidaying in 2002. Then she had run into ignorance about transgender people or worse at hotels, restaurants and other business establishments in Boracay, the popular tourist destination south of Manila.
“[Boracay
reflected] the general close-mindedness of Philippine society at that time
towards lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender [LGBT] issues,” Fontanos, founder of
Gender and Development Advocates Filipinas, a prominent transgender rights
group in the Philippines, told IPS.
“Many had
never met a transwoman before.”
But the
passing decade has seen remarkable changes sweeping travel destinations.
Returning to the island last November, Fontanos saw her hotel sporting a
rainbow-colored flag, an indication it welcomed LGBT tourists. Other
establishments too marketed themselves as gay-friendly.
The changes
have been noted in London by Tris Reid-Smith, director and editor of Gay Star
News, a news site focusing on LGBT issues worldwide.
Reid-Smith
is revamping his site’s travel section to cash in on the growing importance of
the pink dollar in the tourism industry.
“LGBT
people travel more, take more holidays,” he told IPS. “With the recession in
Europe and North America, families are finding it difficult to travel on
holidays after meeting the priorities – food, gas bills, education for the
children.
“LGBT
families are smaller and traveling is more affordable for them.”
The
economic change has made the travel industry realize that if they want to
improve profit margins, they have to woo this growing segment.
After
promotions to entice visitors from Australia and China, two of its largest
tourist markets, Tourism New Zealand (TNZ) is now focusing on this neglected
sector.
The trigger
is the new Marriage Amendment Act that made same-sex marriages legal in the country
from Aug. 19.
New
Zealand’s Department of Internal Affairs said more than 1,000 marriage forms
have been downloaded a day earlier, three times the average.
TNZ hosted
one of these weddings, choosing gay Australian couple veterinarian Paul
McCarthy and his partner Trent Kandler through a competition.
National
carrier Air New Zealand sponsored the wedding of Aucklander lesbian couple
Lynley Bendall and Ally Wanikau on board a plane.
Legal
reforms as well as advocacy of gay rights by world leaders like US President
Barack Obama and Pope Francis have also boosted pink tourism.
“Many
countries have recently approved same-sex marriages,” Reid-Smith said. “Like
the UK and some states in the U.S. In Asia, it is being discussed in Thailand
and Vietnam. In India, colonial [anti-homosexuality] laws have been challenged.
“All this
has given the community confidence that the government is on their side,
society is on their side.”
A decade
ago, many hotels refused to give same-sex couples double-bed rooms and they had
to endure discrimination. “But now, with laws recognizing them as 100 percent
equal to other citizens, gay couples expect more respect,” Reid-Smith said.
Social
media and the Internet have played a key role.
“Social
media allowed people to discover what’s going on worldwide and comment,” he
said. “It built relationships, confidence and a global community against
homophobia.”
When gay
rights activist Eric Ohene Lembembe was murdered in Cameroon in July, protests
erupted in London. And when the Russian government showed an anti-homosexual
bias, calls poured in from different parts of the world urging a boycott of the
2014 Winter Olympics to be held in Sochi.
“It is
important for LGBT people to show that they are willing to boycott events,
countries or people that are homophobic,” Jean Chong, founder of Sayoni, a
Singapore-based platform for lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer women,
told IPS. “We can [take] our money elsewhere and we have a choice.”
Singapore
is perceived as being more tolerant than its Muslim-majority neighbors like
Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. It hosts gay film festivals, saw opposition
member Vincent Wijeysingha become the first politician to come out, and its
annual gay rally, Pink Dot, drew a record 21,000 people this year.
Still, it
has laws that criminalize sex between men and dampen tourism numbers.
Surveillance and censorship still exist, and sponsorships for gay events are
hard to come by.
“LGBT
tourists will be wary of countries that are not welcoming since there are many
other choices these days,” Chong said. “Discriminatory policies also create an
obstacle to events wanting to create awareness and cater to the LGBT
community.”
Gay rights
will be largely influenced by how India and China, the two Asian giants with a
combined population of over two and a half billion people, treat the community,
says Sunil Babu Pant, founder of the gay rights movement in Nepal.
Nepal, once
a conservative Hindu kingdom closed to the outside world, recognized
homosexuals as natural persons in 2008. The Supreme Court asked the government
to make laws to protect their rights and allow same-sex marriages.
Pant says
Nepal’s giant neighbors China and India are lagging behind.
China
de-recognized homosexuality as a mental illness in 2001 and public display of
gay affection is regarded indulgently during Qixi festival, the Chinese
Valentine’s Day. But the Beijing Queer Film Festival has faced repeated
shutdowns by the state.
And while
commerce capital Shanghai has been hosting an annual gay festival since 2009,
public marches are still not allowed.
In India,
there has been an increase in social acceptance since 2009, when the Supreme
Court struck down part of an anti-homosexuality law that had made sex between
men a criminal offense.
“We have
seen more gay people coming out of the closet, pride parades in major cities
and a vibrant gay night life emerging in the metros,” said Suraj Laishram,
personal tour adviser at Indjapink, a New Delhi-based gay travel agency.
Inter Press Service
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