Jakarta Globe, Ratna Fitriani, May 15, 2014
Swara, a support group for transgendered Indonesians, meets to education members about their rights. (Photo courtesy of Swara Salon) |
Transgendered
people have a long climb ahead toward acceptance in Indonesian society.
Transgender,
unrelated to sexual orientation, is a gender identity expressed by individuals
who do not identify themselves as members of their biological sex.
While
supporting the Indonesian transgender community has been an extraordinary
opportunity for me, it has been a challenge.
Many of the
people I interact with are HIV positive.
One day,
one of my transgender friends, asked me: “Do you have the courage to be my
friend?”
“I’m a
person with HIV, and my family doesn’t know,” my friend said. “Knowing I’m
transgender is already a nightmare for them, and if they knew I’m HIV positive,
it would only make things worse. The reality of it was difficult to accept, but
life must go on.”
Honestly, I
was scared. At that time, I knew very little about HIV. The short conversation
would forever stay in my mind.
I started
asking myself, “Do I genuinely want to be their friend? Or is this just a
‘duty’ that I need to fulfill?”
I decided
to continue my interaction with them in hopes to find the answer along the way.
In 2011,
Indonesia Untuk Kemanusiaan (IKA), the resource mobilization organization I
currently work with, began supporting a group of young transgender people in
Jatinegara, East Jakarta. This group, called Swara, or Sanggar Waria Remaja,
was established in 2010 by several transgender activists. In only two years
Swara grew rapidly, quickly making a name for itself as a progressive
organization supporting more than 150 transgender individuals throughout
Jakarta.
“LGBT
[lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender] organizations in Indonesia have data
accurately documenting violence against transgenders,” said Chika Noya, program
manager for gender-based violence at Rutgers WPF Indonesia. “The data shows
these people face disproportionate amounts of discrimination in all areas of
life, especially in employment, which is exacerbated through unstable jobs and
a lack of acceptance of their political identity in the community.”
One of the
major issues currently faced by young transgenders is a culture of rank and
seniority within the community.
“It’s very
common in transgender communities for newcomers, usually from outside of Java,
to begin a dependent relationship with a ‘Mami,’” Swara founder Lulu said.
Mami is the
term used for a more established transgendered person who serves as a protector
and mentor but sometimes uses that influence to exploit a young newcomer.
Swara, Noya
explains, aims to improve the lives of transgendered people by advancing an
anti-discrimination campaign to support the trangender community.
“The
organization creates a safe environment for [transgender people], in which they
can learn safely learn about their rights through informal education organized
by activists and volunteers,” Chika said, “We also help them gain financial
independence by teaching them ways to create a home business, such as a beauty
salon, so they will no longer suffer from socio-economic inequalities from
pervasive discrimination in the workplace.”
In many
cases, transgender youths are shunned by their families and communities. They
quickly make their way to the big city, where they hope to find acceptance.
“Here in
Jakarta, no one knows me, and I can be myself without worrying about shaming my
friends and family,” said Aysa, who rarely returns to her hometown. But several
months ago, she says, her father fell ill and Aysa’s family asked her to return
home.
After one
week in the hospital, her father succumbed to his illness. His dying request to
Aysa was that she cut off her long hair and dress as a man.
Most of
these young individuals decide to run away from home to escape the shame and
anger felt by their families. In some cases, they are asked to leave.
As a
result, they tend to drop out of school, are left to work on the streets or
worse; they end up in debt, addicted to drugs and struggling to get by.
Left with
few options, transgenders are often foreced to turn to prostitution or busking
on the street. If they are lucky, they may find work at a salon as a
beautician.
In the past
two and a half years, I’ve gained a better understanding on the complexity of
their lives in exclusion. Still, I can only imagine how hard they must struggle
to be accepted as regular citizen in today’s society.
IKA’s
decision to support transgender youths through a government scheme called
“PNPM-Peduli” is a step in the right direction. The move is a below-the-line
advocacy program that calls on the government to acknowledge the rights of
transgenders across Indonesia.
In 2012,
when Swara launched their new hair salon, I sat down in front of the mirror and
asked Aysa to cut my hair.
The next
day I gave my friends the directions to the salon. Their complements brightened
my day. But it wasn’t about me; my happiness was for my friends at Swara Salon.
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