Yahoo – AFP,
Olivia Rondonuwu, April 27, 2017
In a remote
corner of the Indonesian archipelago, a modest synagogue stands in a tiny
Jewish community that has found acceptance despite rising intolerance in the
world's most populous Muslim-majority country.
The
red-roofed building on Sulawesi island is the only synagogue in the nation of
255 million people. Here, unlike other parts of the country, the Jewish
community feel safe to practise their faith openly.
"We
can wear the kippah (Jewish skullcap) in the mall or anywhere we want, it's not
a problem," Yobby Hattie Ensel, a Jewish leader from the nearby city of
Manado told AFP.
In Tondano,
the "Shaar Hasyamayim" synagogue sits close to several churches and
residents of different religions live, work, and worship alongside each other
without incident.
Indonesia
has long been praised for its moderate, inclusive brand of Islam -- and this
enclave of diversity is a testament to that.
But across
the archipelago, intolerance has risen in recent years as more conservative
forms of Islam have become popular, driven by increasingly vocal hardline
groups.
Tensions in
the Middle East, particularly between Israel and the Palestinians, spill over
here and deepen religious divides.
Outside the
safe haven on Sulawesi, those who refuse to hide their faith have faced
hostility.
Yaakov
Baruch, an Orthodox Jew who runs the Tondano synagogue, revealed how he was
threatened with death in a Jakarta busy mall as he walked along with his
pregnant wife.
"From
a few floors up, they shouted at me 'Crazy Jew'," he told AFP, adding the
group of men then ran towards him and demanded he remove his skullcap.
"They
said to me: 'We don't want you to use your kippah in this country. If you
continue to use it, we'll kill you'."
In 2013,
the country's only other synagogue in the city of Surabaya was demolished. It
had been the site of anti-Israel protests for years, and was sealed off by
hardliners in 2009 and left to decay.
Indonesia's
Jewish community faces practical challenges, such as access
to kosher food,
which is not widely available in the Muslim-majority nation
|
Secret
worship
Indonesian
rabbi Benjamin Verbrugge concedes any flare-up of tensions in the Middle East
provokes hostility towards the local faithful.
"Problems
between Israelis and Palestinians are a liability for me -- when someone is
stabbed there, it makes me uneasy here," he said.
Faced with
such open hostility, the Jews in the capital worship in secret.
Last month
Verbrugge, head of the United Indonesian Jewish Community (UIJC), held
celebrations for the festival of Purim, traditionally one of the most joyous
days in Judaism's calendar, hidden in a small hotel room with a handful of
fellow worshippers.
The UIJC estimate
there are around 200 practising the faith in the country, believed to be the
descendants of traders from Europe and Iraq who came to Asia to trade. The
organisation was set up to bring the nation's Jews together.
The Jewish
population in Indonesia is believed to have peaked at around 3,000 in the years
before World War II, according to Rotem Kowner, a professor from the University
of Haifa in Israel.
The fact
that those remaining are scattered across the archipelago means Verbrugge has
to defy rules that forbid Jews from using electrical gadgets on the Sabbath to
lead group prayers online via the LINE messaging app.
The small
community also faces more practical challenges, such as the fact kosher food is
not widely available in Indonesia, said Phinechas, a local convert to Judaism.
"I try
my best to be a good Jew but I can't manage it 100 percent," he added.
But across
the archipelago, intolerance has risen in recent years as more
conservative
forms of Islam have become popular, forcing some Jews to
hide their faith for
fear of repercussions
|
Increasing intolerance
Faith-based
tension has been mounting in Indonesia, undermining its pluralist reputation.
Christian
churches and mosques where Muslim minorities pray have been closed due to
pressure from hardliners. Shiites and Ahmadis -- regarded as heretics by some
Sunnis -- have been forced from their homes in mob attacks and on occasion even
killed.
Successive
governments have been criticised for failing to tackle the radicals for fear of
being accused of attacking Islam.
Due to
their small number and the fact most live in the shadows, the nation's Jews
have not been a major focus of radical Islamic anger in Indonesia and have
largely escaped the serious attacks directed at other minorities.
But having
a low profile also brings problems.
According
to the law, freedom of worship is guaranteed for all religions, including
Judaism, but in practice Jews cannot be honest about their faith.
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