The Jakarta Post, Jakarta
Government officials called for more participation from female educators in efforts to establish a gender-equal education system during the "National Policy Dialog on Gender Equality in Education" in Central Jakarta on Tuesday.
"We are lacking female head principals and female officials in our education departments, and we're not sure what is causing this," said Giri Suryatmana, secretary to the director general for quality development of education practitioners at the Education Ministry.
Giri said the majority of the 2.3 million teachers under the ministry's supervision were women for whom it was proving difficult to meet teacher certification requirements.
"They can't leave their offices or their families for too long," Giri said. With these teachers in mind, the ministry has devised distance learning programs and other alternative schemes for earning academic credit and completing degrees.
Harkristuti Harkriswono, director general for human rights at the Justice and Human Rights Ministry, said "The constitution, laws and presidential decrees in Indonesia accommodate gender equality in education. What we need right now is for more female educators to participate in spreading this information."
Structurally there have been improvements. Indonesia ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1984. Also, a 2000 presidential decree on gender mainstreaming in national development has led to the establishment of a gender mainstreaming working group at the ministry.
"The government is structurally committed to establishing gender equality in education. It is on the operational level, however, that problems are apparent," she said.
Harkristuti also said educators needed to put gender on the agenda in teaching children -- even as early as play group age. "For example, by giving the girls and the boys equal opportunities to play with trucks and dolls.
"Since most of the teachers for the elementary levels are women, we need to make sure that our female teachers are not biased."
Herwindo Haribowo, a member of the working group, defined gender as culturally shaped stereotypes of parenting, behavior and attitude. "However, we can't escape the fact that sometimes nature just takes its course."
He cited the tendency for more men than women to opt for the hard sciences -- engineering, mathematics, biology and physics -- when selecting majors at university.
"This means that it is the role of teachers to correct this perception. Female students should be encouraged to choose the best major for them at the university, regardless of their sex. The same goes for male students." (lva)
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