By Pipit Prahoro
SOLO, Indonesia (Reuters) - Indonesia's ethnic Chinese communities, repressed and persecuted for many years, are enjoying a cultural revival even in the heart of the predominantly Muslim island of Java.
The royal city of Solo, in central Java, suffered some of the worst anti-Chinese attacks during the 1997-98 crisis, when shops and businesses owned by ethnic Chinese were smashed and looted, and many Chinese Indonesians were killed, raped or injured.
The crisis eventually led to the ousting of Suharto, the long-ruling autocratic president who now, at 86, lies critically ill in hospital. His New Order regime was instrumental in suppressing Chinese culture.
But in the decade since Suharto was forced from power, the Chinese Indonesians have experienced greater cultural freedom.
"Nowadays we feel very happy. We can perform lion dances and conserve it (our culture). Not like in the past, in the New Order era we couldn't do it," Adjie Chandra, who heads a lion dance group in Solo, told Reuters.
And despite their suffering under Suharto, many of the ethnic Chinese are praying for his recovery, he said.
"No matter what he has done and what his sins, the important thing is our existence. We pray for his recovery," Adjie added.
ANTI-COMMUNIST PURGE
Suharto rose to power after leading the military in 1965 to put down what was officially called an attempted communist coup.
Whether that was true, and Suharto's role in the events remains controversial, it was followed by an anti-communist purge in which as many as 500,000 people were killed.
At the time, Indonesia had the biggest communist party in the world outside of China.
For decades after Suharto crushed the supposedly Beijing-backed coup, his government suppressed or strongly discouraged many aspects of Chinese culture, including the use of the Chinese language or names.
Celebration of Chinese New Year was banned. It was even forbidden to bring books or documents with Chinese characters into the country.
But as elsewhere in Asia, the ethnic Chinese played an important role in the economy.
As traders and business people, they accounted for a disproportionate share of the economy, and Suharto himself had plenty of wealthy Chinese businessmen in his inner circle.
"The only thing we could do was business. We did not have freedom of speech" in the past, said Sumartono Hadinoto, an ethnic Chinese in Solo's Ketandan neighborhood.
(Writing by Heru Asprihanto; editing by Sara Webb and Roger Crabb)
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