Google – AFP, Kevin Ponniah (AFP), 20 February 2013
Yulianus
Rettoblaut, better known as Mami Yuli, holds a meeting in her
house on January
29, 2013 in the Jakarta suburbs (AFP, Romeo Gacad)
|
JAKARTA — A
dozen elderly women are gathered inside the pink house, set on a narrow dirt
road in a dusty suburb of Jakarta. Together they sew, bake and chat.
On first
sight they look like a group of benevolent grandmothers, but the sunken cheeks
and deep lines on some of their faces tell stories of hardship.
All of
these women are "waria", a term used for Indonesian transgender
people, and the house in the country's capital has been hailed by activists as
the first old person's home for that gender community.
Yoti
Oktosea, a 70-year-old Indonesian
transgender and former sex worker,
poses for
a photograph on January 29,
2013 (AFP, Romeo Gacad)
|
It is used
to describe a range of gender identities, though it particularly refers to men
who feel they are women and is applied regardless of whether they have undergone
gender reassignment surgery or hormone therapy.
A home for
elderly waria is an unexpected sight but perhaps also typical of the many
contradictions in a nation where, until two years ago, the official government
line on transgender people was that they were mentally ill.
As part of
new moves towards acceptance, the government will in March begin supporting the
home, which officially opened in November, with a basic nutrition programme
while offering business seed money to 200 transgender residents in the city.
However,
most of the funds needed to support the home will continue to come from its
founder, Yulianus Rettoblaut, a waria and prominent activist better-known as
Mami Yuli, who turned her own house into the shelter last year.
"We
are focusing on elderly waria because NGOs usually focus on young ones,"
the 51-year-old told AFP.
She was
inspired to take action after seeing many of her fellow ageing waria on the
streets, ill, unemployed and forced to live in squalid conditions.
In this
photograph taken January 29,
2013, a group of Indonesian transgenders
listen to
a prominent activist (AFP,
Romeo Gacad)
|
"Life
for them is very difficult and many live under the poverty line. They often
have no choice but to sleep under bridges," Mami Yuli said.
While the
home is grossly underfunded, she tries to offer three daily meals to residents
who learn sewing, baking and hairdressing if they are jobless.
Conditions
are far from ideal -- the 12 waria who live there sleep on old mattresses
crammed into one bedroom at the top of steep, narrow stairs.
When Mami
Yuli fails to raise the 350,000 rupiah ($36) a day needed to run the house, she
organises street performances where the residents of the home sing and dance.
Despite their age they are expected to work to make a living if they can.
A devout
Catholic, Mami Yuli says that 70 churches in Jakarta support the home, offering
shelter during floods. Only four donate money.
Despite the
huge challenges, she hopes to one day be able to accommodate all 800 of
Jakarta's elderly waria and expand her home into the vacant lot next door, if
she can raise enough money or secure state support.
An
estimated 35,000 Indonesians are transgender, the Asia-Pacific Coalition on
Male Sexual Health reports, but activists suspect the figure is much higher.
Despite
being considered sacred by some Indonesian ethnic groups, waria largely remain
a target of harassment and intimidation, although there are signs of increasing
acceptance.
Discrimination
forces many into sex work, fuelling an increase in HIV rates from six to 34
percent between 1997 and 2007 among transgenders in Jakarta, according to
Health Ministry data.
Indonesian
transgender prostitutes take
their spots in a dimly lit section of a
Jakarta
street on January 29, 2013
(AFP, Romeo Gacad)
|
But the
industry thrives in Indonesia's karaoke bars and darker street corners where
waria can be found holding up dresses up to show off breasts grown with
hormones from birth control pills or silicone injections.
Some also
reveal their gender reassignment, though few waria can afford to go down this
path. The surgery has been available since the 1970s but not under the public
health system.
At 70 years
old, Yoti Oktosea is a male-to-female transgender and one of Mami Yuli's
current residents.
Dressed
down in knee-length shorts and a baggy T-shirt, she's given up putting on
make-up and curling her eyelashes, but proudly shows a photo of herself as a
young woman.
In those
days she was in demand as a sex worker, she says.
"But
things are much saggier now!" she laughs.
Smartly-dressed
Mami Yuli also worked as a prostitute for 17 years but managed to turn her life
around, becoming the first "out" waria to get a law degree from an
Islamic university, at the age of 46.
The
hardline Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) are the waria's most vocal foe, using
violence and intimidation to shut down several transgender events which they
say "threaten Indonesia's Islamic values", including the Miss Waria
pageant in December.
"We
had the pageant shut down and we're willing to shut down other waria gatherings
again," FPI Jakarta chief Habib Salim Alatas said.
But signs
are growing that the future might be a little brighter for this marginalised
community.
In 2008 the
first Islamic school specifically for transgender people to pray and study the
Koran opened in 2008 in Yogyakarta. The establishment of Mami Yuli's home for
the elderly is seen as another victory.
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Nepal introduces transgender category on ID cards
"The Akashic System" – Jul 17, 2011 (Kryon channelled by Lee Carroll) - (Subjects: Religion, The Humanization of God, Benevolent Design, DNA, Akashic Circle, (Old) Souls, Gaia, Indigenous People, Talents, Reincarnation, Genders, Gender Switches, In “between” Gender Change, Gender Confusion, Shift of Human Consciousness, Global Unity,..... etc.) - (Text version)
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