Jakarta Globe, Bastiaan Scherpen, March 23, 2016
Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister Bert Koenders. (Reuters Photo/Jacques Brinon) |
Jakarta.
Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister Bert Koenders is in Indonesia this week to take
part in the Bali Process ministerial conference, but he'll also be looking to
cement ties in meetings with key ministers. Because even though there has been
significant improvement on the trade front — the Netherlands has became one of
the most important investors in the archipelago — Indonesia's relationship with
its former colonial ruler remains delicate.
Human
rights have long been a key element of Dutch foreign policy and with Indonesia
having just made headlines internationally over a series of high-profile statements targeting the country’s LGBT community, no end in sight to problemsin Papua and a group of Moluccan political prisoners still behind bars, it will
be difficult for Koenders to not speak out one way or another.
Koenders —
who hails from the Labor Party (PvdA), just like the former Dutch development
cooperation minister Jan Pronk, famous for slamming the Suharto regime in the
early 1990s over its rights record — will have to tread a fine line if he
doesn't want to undo all the progress made in recent years.
Fragile
relationship
Yohanes
Sulaiman, an Indonesian expert on international relations, politics and
security affairs, says that as far as Jakarta is concerned, ties with the Dutch
are “cordial” at the moment.
“There
hasn't been any [bilateral] ruckus about human rights lately,” he told the Jakarta
Globe, saying things were different not too long ago. “Remember the Leopard
tanks?”
The Dutch
government in 2012 was forced to cancel the sale of used Leopard 2 main battle
tanks to Indonesia after parliament — including the Labor Party, which was in opposition
at the time — voted to reject the deal over concerns about the Indonesian
Military (TNI)’s track record on human rights. Indonesia then procured the same
type of tanks from Germany.
That low in
the relationship between the two countries followed the cancellation of a
much-anticipated trip by then-president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2010. A
motion filed by Moluccan activists based in the Netherlands calling for the
arrest of the Indonesian leader for alleged human right violations was behind Yudhoyono’s
last-minute decision to stay home.
However,
under current Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte ties strengthened significantly,
especially after an official apology was made in 2013 for a series of massacres
carried out by the Dutch military to crush resistance against colonial rule in
South Sulawesi after Indonesia's 1945 declaration of independence.
That
apology cleared the way for the biggest-ever Dutch trade mission to Indonesia
in November 2013, led by Rutte, which now-Foreign Affairs Minister Retno
Marsudi, who at the time was the Indonesian ambassador to the Netherlands,
called "a big success."
After
President Joko Widodo took office in 2014 and launched his no-holds-barred
anti-drugs campaign, reintroducing executions of drug convicts,
Indonesia-Netherlands ties took a plunge, however. Koenders even recalled the
ambassador in Jakarta, Rob Swartbol, after Indonesia executed Dutch national
Ang Kiem Soei, with Dutch and European Union officials voicing their strong
objections to the death penalty.
Foreign
direct investment
Rutte, the
Dutch PM, is a member of the historically pro-business People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy (VVD), which wanted to sell the Dutch military’s tanks to
Indonesia in 2012 regardless of human rights concerns expressed by opposition
parties in parliament. His time at the helm has indeed provided a major boost
in Netherlands-Indonesia trade ties.
The
Netherlands was the third-biggest investor in Indonesia in the fourth quarter
of 2015, data from the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) shows, after
Singapore and Hong Kong but beating Asian powerhouses such as China (without
Hong Kong), Japan and South Korea.
Dutch
companies poured a total of almost $400 million into 174 Indonesian projects in
the last three months of the year, the BKPM says.
For the
whole year, investment realization from the Netherlands stood at $1.3 billion,
the fourth-highest number after Singapore, Malaysia and Japan.
The
Netherlands has also played a key role in the National Capital Integrated
Coastal Development (NCICD) project, better known as the Jakarta Sea Wall.
Koenders was scheduled to visit Pluit in North Jakarta together with the
capital’s governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, or Ahok, to see for himself what is
being done in one of Jakarta's lowest-lying and most flood-prone areas.
'Domestic
matters'
Separately
on Thursday, Koenders was slated to meet with his counterpart Retno, as well as
with the coordinating minister for political, legal and security affairs, Luhut
Panjaitan — a key aide to Joko and considered by insiders to be one of the most
powerful ministers in the cabinet.
In a press
statement released before Koenders' trip, the Dutch Foreign Ministry said the
main issues on the bilateral agenda would be “geopolitical developments in
countries such as Syria, Iraq and Iran,” cooperation to tackle drug-related
problems, “the position of Indonesia in Asia,” and the human rights situation
in Indonesia — but first and foremost: trade and how to strengthen ties.
The
statement added that Koenders would also be discussing human rights issues and
the rule of law with representatives of civil society groups.
It is
unlikely however that Indonesian officials will be very keen on discussing such
issues with Koenders — or anybody else for that matter — as these are seen as a
purely internal affair.
“For
Indonesians those issues are domestic matters,” Yohanes told the Globe. “I
think the Dutch would raise it, but they won't push it too much.”
If Koenders
does publicly raise his human rights concerns, he risks reigniting the debate
on past Dutch war crimes committed in the archipelago.
“I think
the [Indonesian] government and the military are not that concerned about the
massacres,” said Yohanes, who is a lecturer at General Achmad Yani University
in Cimahi, near Bandung. “But of course, if the Dutch start talking about human
rights, the usual suspects may raise those things again, even though in
general, my feeling is that they no longer care.”
“There are
some nationalist groups that are still pushing it,” he explained, “but
generally they only get the media attention, and are encouraged by the
military, if the Dutch are talking about Indonesian human rights abuses.”
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