Wang China Times, Wang Chin 2014-07-10
As past presidential candidates in Indonesia have raised the specter of foreign threats to win votes, how Indonesia will respond to maritime disputes in the South China Sea is likely to feature prominently in the debate between the two Indonesian presidential hopefuls.
Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo at an election rally in Central Java, June 19. (File photo/Xinhua) |
As past presidential candidates in Indonesia have raised the specter of foreign threats to win votes, how Indonesia will respond to maritime disputes in the South China Sea is likely to feature prominently in the debate between the two Indonesian presidential hopefuls.
Unlike
several of its neighbors, Indonesia does not have a major territorial dispute
with China in the South China Sea, except for disagreement over the
Indonesia-controlled Natuna Islands and their nearby waters. The disagreement
arises from the nine-dash demarcation line used by Beijing for its claims in
the South China Sea.
Prabowo
Subianto, the candidate for the ruling Great Indonesia Movement Party, does not
want to make enemies of other countries but at the same time has sought to gain
political mileage from the impression that his country also faces threats from
competing claims in the South China Sea. Prabowo even supports taking a hard
line in the disputes and proposes hikes in Indonesia's defense spending and
more troops stationed on the islands.
Joko
Widodo, who has been referred to as Jakarta's Obama and is better known by his
nickname Jokowi, the candidate for the Indonesian Democratic Party, holds a
different view. Jokowi contends that Indonesia and China do not have competing
claims in the region. Even if there are disputes, the two counties should
resolve them first through diplomatic means, Jokowi has said.
The Jakarta
governor has gone so far as to express the hope that his country may play a key
role in the mediation of territorial conflicts with China.
The two
candidates' focus on China in their election campaigns has highlighted China's
importance in the country's defense and foreign policies, which can be linked
to China's growing sway in Southeast Asia.
The growing
Chinese influence is also likely to result in more conflicts in the region.
Indonesia has qualms about China's growing role in its economy, especially as
China imports a great deal of natural resources from the Southeast Asian
country.
As both
candidates argue that Indonesians should be allowed a greater share in the
profits from exports of its natural resources, it can be expected that a wider
range of issues could give rise to conflicts between China and other countries.
As China's economic might rises, the range of disputes may expand from
territorial rows to include disagreements in investment and trade.
Meanwhile,
people of Chinese ethnicity in Indonesia are playing more important roles in
the country's politics. While their proposal to play the role of a bridge to
foster closer economic cooperation between China and Indonesia may have good
intentions, increasing protectionism may result in Indonesians turning against
Chinese influence and the community subsequently coming under fire.
If the
China-friendly candidate gets elected, one can expect better China-Indonesian
ties. But the election of a candidate who adopts a hard line on the
China-Indonesia issues might give way to trickier challenges in the South China
Sea disputes.
More
importantly, it may also impact Chinese investment in Indonesia, especially as
Japan is stepping up investment in infrastructure in Indonesia to compete with
China.
(Wang Chin
is a PhD student at the National Taiwan University's Graduate Institute of
National Development. Translated by Want China Times.)
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