The Jakarta Post, Jakarta
The government has announced it aims to reduce the nation's maternal mortality rate and make inroads into domestic violence in order to improve the quality of life for the country's women.
"Ensuring a woman's life quality, during pregnancy or not, is a form of mutual responsibility, which involves the husband," Pinky Saptandari, from the State Ministry for Women's Empowerment, told The Jakarta Post here Monday.
Efforts to curb the nation's maternal mortality rate would also depend on a shift in attitudes among policy makers and the community, she said.
"Reducing the maternal death rate cannot be done from merely a medical approach. It also has much to do with local culture and the people's mindset," Pinky said, citing the fact that many pregnant wives were subject to belated prenatal medical care because their husbands forbade them from seeking medical attention.
Indonesia has slashed its maternal mortality rate over the last decade, but has not yet met the Millennium Development Goals target of 102 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2015.
In 1994, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate was 390 per 100,000 live births. By 2004 it had decreased to 307 per 100,000. However, the figure remains the highest among Southeast Asian countries.
The government introduced the "Care for Mothers Movement" 10 years ago to reduce Indonesia's maternal mortality rate.
As part of the movement, the women's empowerment ministry encouraged husbands to play an active role through the "Husbands on Guard Program", which teaches men to be ready to accompany their wife during prenatal checkups and their child's delivery.
Pinky, who is also a psychologist, highlighted another cause of maternal deaths: Early marriage.
"Early marriages are still regarded as a way to get out of poverty in many areas."
State Minister for Women's Empowerment Meutia Hatta told reporters earlier that the Care for Mothers Movement is seen as a feasible avenue to improve the quality of life for women spanning the rest of her term in Cabinet.
"We only need to revitalize the movement, which actually has been running as of 10 years ago. It is familiar to most Indonesians, however it has yet to be prioritized," she said.
Meutia highlighted the importance of revising the 1974 Marriage Law, especially the minimum age requirement for a woman to marry.
The law states in Article 7 that a girl of 16 years of age is considered ready to marry. According to the 2002 Child Protection Law, however, those under 18 years of age are still categorized as children.
The state ministry is also pushing a strategy to encourage the review of all state laws, bylaws and programs that discriminate against women and children. Meutia said there are at least 29 laws nationwide that exhibit gender bias, such as the marriage law.
Activist Siti Musdah Mulia had previously said that 56 new bylaws enacted between 1999 and 2006 in areas such as Aceh and Gorontalo marginalized women.
These local ordinances are said to be regulating and defending women's behavior in the name of morality, when in fact they are repressing women's rights.
Meutia said that every woman and child should live free from any form of violence, discrimination and exploitation.
"The increasing number of women who reported domestic violence should be regarded in a positive way, as this means women are beginning to realize their rights," Meutia said.
The National Commission on Violence Against Women disclosed in a report in March this year that the number of cases of violence against women in 2006 reached 22,512, up from the 20,391 in 2005 and 14,020 in 2004. In 2003, only 7,787 cases were reported.
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